Mission Control/ASTEROID DOSSIER: 99942
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99942 Apophis (2004 MN4)

Tracked by NASA JPL Near-Earth Object Web Service (NeoWs), 99942 Apophis (2004 MN4) is a Sq-type (Silicate / Nickel-Iron) body measuring between 310m and 375m in diameter. On 2029-04-13, it completes a cislunar approach at 0.10 Lunar Distances (38,012 km) with a relative heliocentric velocity of 30.73 km/s.

Max Diameter (Ø)
375 m
Min: 310 m
Miss Distance
0.10 LD
38,012 km
Rel. Velocity
30.73 km/s
110,628 km/h
Kinetic Energy
9,347.966 MT
E = ½mv² TNT eq.

Exact Landmark Scale Comparison (375m)

1:1 Meter Scale
375m
99942
443m
Manhattan
227m
Golden Gate
330m
Eiffel Tower
828m
Burj Khalifa
Inspect side-by-side in interactive Google Earth 3D Tiles:Open 3D Street-Level Simulator

Kinetic Impact Physics & Orbital Parameters

45° Incidence · 3,000 kg/m³
Absolute Magnitude (H)19.7 mag
Spectral ClassificationSq-type (Silicate / Nickel-Iron)
Estimated Bolide Mass8.283e+10 kg
Kinetic Energy (E = ½mv²)9,347.966 MT TNT (3.91e+19 J)
Transient Crater Diameter / Depth7,828 m Ø / 1,644 m deep
5-PSI Structural Overpressure Radius39.84 km
Thermal 3rd-Degree Burn Radius118.89 km
Equivalent Seismic MagnitudeMw 7.3
Primary Ephemeris Source:NASA JPL Small-Body Database Lookup
OPTICAL TRACKING REQUIREMENTS // PHOTOMETRIC LINK
TIER C: PLANETARY RADAR / SPECIMEN GRADE
Calculated Apparent Magnitude (Vmag)
Vmag +4.45
Abs. Magnitude H = 19.70
Required Aperture (mm)
≥ 1000 mm (Planetary Radar)
Professional ≥1000mm Survey CCD / Planetary Bistatic Radar Telemetry
Best Viewing Window
JPL Goldstone Radar / Vera C. Rubin LSST Ephemeris Window Only
Target: 99942 Apophis (2004 MN4)

99942 Apophis (2004 MN4) (H = 19.7, Vmag ≈ 4.5) is below consumer optical detection thresholds (requires ≥1000mm survey aperture); explore certified meteorite specimens[↗] or indoor optical projection instead.

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Campo del Cielo Meteorite Specimen (Certified Iron-Nickel)

Authentic coarse octahedrite Group IAB iron-nickel meteorite fragment (92.9% Fe, 6.7% Ni) recovered from the Chaco crater field with certificate of authenticity.

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ALTERNATIVE PHOTOMETRIC / SPECIMEN OPTIONS
Homestar Flux Home Planetarium Optical Projector$219

Satin-black 5W warm-white LED optical glass lens planetarium projecting 60,000 stars and simulated meteor shower trajectories indoors.

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3D Ephemeris Trajectory Waypoints

Node T+0Lat -28.00° · Lon -135.00°42,000 km
Node T+1Lat -11.00° · Lon -102.00°34,500 km
Node T+2Lat 14.00° · Lon -73.98°31,600 km
Node T+3Lat 34.00° · Lon -38.00°36,800 km
Node T+4Lat 46.00° · Lon 4.00°48,200 km
Node T+5Lat 31.00° · Lon 51.00°64,000 km

Planetary Defense Frequently Asked Questions (Schema.org FAQ)

How big is 99942 Apophis (2004 MN4) compared to city landmarks?

99942 Apophis (2004 MN4) has an estimated diameter between 310m and 375m. At its upper-bound size of 375m, it stands 85% as tall as the 443m Empire State Building in New York City and 114% of the 330m Eiffel Tower.

Will 99942 Apophis (2004 MN4) impact Earth during its 2029-04-13 approach?

No. NASA JPL Center for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOS) orbital solutions confirm 99942 Apophis (2004 MN4) will pass safely at a minimum distance of 0.10 Lunar Distances (38,012 km). You can still simulate a hypothetical street-level impact in our 3D CesiumJS simulator.

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99942 Apophis (2004 MN4) — 3D Orbit, Size Comparison & Kinetic Impact Physics | Meteors.ai Space Network